1 00:00:53,169 --> 00:00:56,778 (interference on radio) 2 00:00:56,778 --> 00:00:58,840 - [Man] That the guts of the German Army 3 00:00:58,840 --> 00:01:01,086 have been largely torn out. 4 00:01:01,086 --> 00:01:05,583 (speaking in foreign language) 5 00:01:05,583 --> 00:01:09,416 (singing in foreign language) 6 00:01:12,907 --> 00:01:17,023 - [Man] With thy blessing, we shall prevail, 7 00:01:17,023 --> 00:01:20,023 over the unholy forces of our enemy. 8 00:01:20,979 --> 00:01:25,146 ♫ Baby won't you please come home 9 00:01:29,048 --> 00:01:32,965 ♫ 'cause your Mama's all alone 10 00:01:36,185 --> 00:01:39,435 ♫ I have tried in vain 11 00:01:42,990 --> 00:01:47,157 ♫ Never know more to call your name 12 00:01:51,820 --> 00:01:55,987 ♫ When you left you broke my heart 13 00:01:57,331 --> 00:02:02,064 ♫ 'cause I never thought we'd part 14 00:02:02,064 --> 00:02:05,686 ♫ Now every moment of the day 15 00:02:05,686 --> 00:02:08,806 ♫ You can hear me say 16 00:02:08,806 --> 00:02:12,973 ♫ Baby come on home I need your loving 17 00:02:16,326 --> 00:02:18,243 ♫ Baby 18 00:02:19,129 --> 00:02:21,212 ♫ Please 19 00:02:23,234 --> 00:02:25,817 ♫ Come on home 20 00:02:28,925 --> 00:02:32,508 (typewriter keys clicking) 21 00:02:33,683 --> 00:02:35,670 - [Man Voiceover] If newspaper was my wife, 22 00:02:35,670 --> 00:02:37,753 radio became my mistress. 23 00:02:38,795 --> 00:02:41,760 But don't blame me for my infidelity to the facts. 24 00:02:41,760 --> 00:02:44,294 My work in newspapers gave me the permission 25 00:02:44,294 --> 00:02:46,768 to transcend the truth. 26 00:02:46,768 --> 00:02:50,593 My name is Sefton Delmer and I was the first newspaper man 27 00:02:50,593 --> 00:02:52,926 to interview Hitler in 1932. 28 00:02:54,528 --> 00:02:57,707 At first I thought he was a harmless crackpot 29 00:02:57,707 --> 00:03:00,765 but eventually I saw him for what he was. 30 00:03:00,765 --> 00:03:04,932 An aggressive threat to Europe, perhaps even the world. 31 00:03:08,866 --> 00:03:12,975 After I got kicked out of Germany, in '41, 32 00:03:12,975 --> 00:03:15,735 Churchill and the War Cabinet got me thinking about creating 33 00:03:15,735 --> 00:03:20,128 a fake radio program to help bring down Hitler. 34 00:03:20,128 --> 00:03:22,378 Naturally I loved the idea. 35 00:03:23,688 --> 00:03:26,771 (gentle piano music) 36 00:03:35,285 --> 00:03:37,857 I assembled a team to create these so-called 37 00:03:37,857 --> 00:03:40,367 black propaganda broadcasts. 38 00:03:40,367 --> 00:03:42,707 My good friend Ian Fleming joined to help me 39 00:03:42,707 --> 00:03:44,297 with the script writing. 40 00:03:44,297 --> 00:03:47,199 Agnes Bernelle, a young German refugee 41 00:03:47,199 --> 00:03:51,366 and talented actress, became our radio star Vicky. 42 00:03:53,232 --> 00:03:57,904 Approximately 80% of our scripts were real news. 43 00:03:57,904 --> 00:04:02,546 The other 20% were carefully concocted lies. 44 00:04:02,546 --> 00:04:06,027 Agnes would read these scripts over the radio. 45 00:04:06,027 --> 00:04:08,907 Using the most powerful transmitter in Europe 46 00:04:08,907 --> 00:04:11,462 we could broadcast signals into Germany, 47 00:04:11,462 --> 00:04:13,726 tricking the enemy into thinking they were listening to 48 00:04:13,726 --> 00:04:15,976 real German radio stations. 49 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:20,506 The goal of our black propaganda 50 00:04:20,506 --> 00:04:23,335 was to turn the German people against the Nazis. 51 00:04:23,335 --> 00:04:27,502 To demoralize the German soldiers and oh, most of all, 52 00:04:28,442 --> 00:04:29,927 to give the Germans something 53 00:04:29,927 --> 00:04:33,104 Hitler didn't want them to have. 54 00:04:33,104 --> 00:04:33,937 Jazz. 55 00:04:35,807 --> 00:04:37,497 - You were right about her. 56 00:04:37,497 --> 00:04:39,707 Radio doesn't do her justice. 57 00:04:39,707 --> 00:04:42,518 - Otto my friend you should've seen her in Fine and Dandy 58 00:04:42,518 --> 00:04:44,523 at the Seville Theater. 59 00:04:44,523 --> 00:04:45,356 - [Otto] I can only imagine-- 60 00:04:45,356 --> 00:04:46,304 - Delmer do you want to work 61 00:04:46,304 --> 00:04:48,528 or just tell jokes with your friend? 62 00:04:48,528 --> 00:04:50,195 - Oh I'm sorry but this is his first taste 63 00:04:50,195 --> 00:04:51,585 of black propaganda. 64 00:04:51,585 --> 00:04:54,286 - It's much nicer than I expected. 65 00:04:54,286 --> 00:04:55,336 - And you are? 66 00:04:55,336 --> 00:04:57,690 - Ah forgive me this is Otto John, 67 00:04:57,690 --> 00:05:01,025 one of the July 20th fellas who managed to escape. 68 00:05:01,025 --> 00:05:04,475 He may join us as an expert on the Resistance. 69 00:05:04,475 --> 00:05:07,225 - Agnes Bernelle, sideshow in Delmer's circus. 70 00:05:08,985 --> 00:05:10,600 - I must say it is a pleasure to meet the girl 71 00:05:10,600 --> 00:05:13,355 who once instructed all good German citizens 72 00:05:13,355 --> 00:05:15,681 to send their morning urine to the Fuhrer 73 00:05:15,681 --> 00:05:17,309 in a small bottle. 74 00:05:17,309 --> 00:05:20,553 - I heard it took three weeks to flush those things 75 00:05:20,553 --> 00:05:23,024 through the German postal system. 76 00:05:23,024 --> 00:05:26,324 - That was one of my better ideas. 77 00:05:26,324 --> 00:05:28,845 Fleming, Ian Fleming, 78 00:05:28,845 --> 00:05:31,477 Special Assistant to the Director of Intelligence, 79 00:05:31,477 --> 00:05:32,770 His Majesty's Navy. 80 00:05:32,770 --> 00:05:34,179 - Pleased to meet you. 81 00:05:34,179 --> 00:05:36,993 - You know, when this war is over, 82 00:05:36,993 --> 00:05:41,079 I'm going to write the spy novel to end all spy novels. 83 00:05:41,079 --> 00:05:43,174 And you're going to be in every one of them. 84 00:05:43,174 --> 00:05:44,580 - Well that's if the doodlebug rockets 85 00:05:44,580 --> 00:05:46,439 don't get us first. 86 00:05:46,439 --> 00:05:48,575 Tom are we actually going to do this thing tonight? 87 00:05:48,575 --> 00:05:49,572 - Mm hmm. 88 00:05:49,572 --> 00:05:51,072 - [Agnes] Where's Howard I thought he was going to play 89 00:05:51,072 --> 00:05:52,111 General Beck? 90 00:05:52,111 --> 00:05:53,680 - He had to cancel. 91 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:57,664 Something about wanting to write the script. 92 00:05:57,664 --> 00:06:00,837 But I think my German will hold up. 93 00:06:00,837 --> 00:06:02,905 - Okay well I'm ready when you are, 94 00:06:02,905 --> 00:06:05,238 this song's just about over. 95 00:07:21,574 --> 00:07:24,744 - [Otto] So, this is your war of wits. 96 00:07:24,744 --> 00:07:25,744 - Total war. 97 00:07:29,656 --> 00:07:30,989 I must warn you. 98 00:07:31,904 --> 00:07:35,778 In my unit we're up to all kinds of dirty tricks. 99 00:07:35,778 --> 00:07:37,948 The dirtier the better. 100 00:07:37,948 --> 00:07:40,281 Lies, treachery, everything. 101 00:07:42,223 --> 00:07:43,556 No holds barred. 102 00:07:45,152 --> 00:07:48,200 If you're at all squeamish about 103 00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:50,719 what you may be called upon to do 104 00:07:50,719 --> 00:07:53,052 against your fellow Germans, 105 00:07:56,540 --> 00:07:58,290 you're no good to us. 106 00:08:02,092 --> 00:08:03,425 What do you say? 107 00:08:05,975 --> 00:08:08,475 (tense music) 108 00:08:09,373 --> 00:08:13,439 - Mr Delmer, my friends have given their lives 109 00:08:13,439 --> 00:08:15,856 to rid Germany of this Satan. 110 00:08:16,731 --> 00:08:19,329 Whatever you ask of me, 111 00:08:19,329 --> 00:08:22,216 whatever quickens the defeat of Hitler, 112 00:08:22,216 --> 00:08:24,422 I consider it a continuation of the work 113 00:08:24,422 --> 00:08:25,839 of my countrymen. 114 00:08:29,042 --> 00:08:33,209 Otherwise, those who died in Valkyrie were the lucky ones. 115 00:08:36,327 --> 00:08:40,494 And those still alive in Germany will have hell to pay. 116 00:08:43,628 --> 00:08:44,461 - [Delmer] The German underground 117 00:08:44,461 --> 00:08:46,923 made an assassination attempt on the Fuhrer, 118 00:08:46,923 --> 00:08:48,912 at least their 20th, 119 00:08:48,912 --> 00:08:53,079 led by Colonel Stauffenberg called Operation Valkyrie. 120 00:08:54,581 --> 00:08:57,108 But the bomb's explosion didn't kill the madman, 121 00:08:57,108 --> 00:09:01,700 only perforating his eardrum and singeing his pants. 122 00:09:01,700 --> 00:09:05,867 An indignity that made him as furious as death itself. 123 00:09:07,051 --> 00:09:11,218 - 120 people were either executed or took their own lives 124 00:09:12,507 --> 00:09:15,242 in order not to be tortured by the Gestapo 125 00:09:15,242 --> 00:09:18,174 and then betray names of their friends. 126 00:09:18,174 --> 00:09:22,091 (shouting in foreign language) 127 00:09:27,336 --> 00:09:29,592 - [Delmer] Soon all those involved found themselves 128 00:09:29,592 --> 00:09:31,989 in the crosshairs of the German Gestapo 129 00:09:31,989 --> 00:09:34,756 in Freisler's People's Court. 130 00:09:34,756 --> 00:09:38,735 - Even though the Gestapo was rather dimwitted 131 00:09:38,735 --> 00:09:42,818 it did not take too much creativity to figure out 132 00:09:43,889 --> 00:09:48,080 the Resistance was primarily the old upper class. 133 00:09:48,080 --> 00:09:51,095 When you look at the list of those hung, 134 00:09:51,095 --> 00:09:54,393 you have all the names that made Prussia great. 135 00:09:54,393 --> 00:09:58,393 Moltke, Schwerin, Schulenburg, Yorck, and so on. 136 00:10:02,373 --> 00:10:04,643 - [Delmer] After the initial executions, 137 00:10:04,643 --> 00:10:07,862 the dragnet expanded to included anyone suspected 138 00:10:07,862 --> 00:10:11,327 of being involved in the assassination attempt. 139 00:10:11,327 --> 00:10:16,241 This included theologian and pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer, 140 00:10:16,241 --> 00:10:18,754 a German who was a nuisance to the Nazi Party 141 00:10:18,754 --> 00:10:21,196 and had been for years speaking out actively 142 00:10:21,196 --> 00:10:23,045 against the Fuehrer. 143 00:10:23,045 --> 00:10:26,795 Such boldness had landed him in Tegel Prison. 144 00:10:30,872 --> 00:10:32,045 - [Bonhoeffer Voiceover] I'm still discovering 145 00:10:32,045 --> 00:10:33,849 right up to this moment 146 00:10:33,849 --> 00:10:37,482 that it is only by living completely in this world 147 00:10:37,482 --> 00:10:40,573 that one learns to have faith. 148 00:10:40,573 --> 00:10:43,670 By this worldiness I mean living unreservedly 149 00:10:43,670 --> 00:10:47,837 in life's duties, problems, successes and failures, 150 00:10:48,933 --> 00:10:51,350 experiences and perplexities. 151 00:10:52,898 --> 00:10:55,503 In doing so we throw ourselves completely 152 00:10:55,503 --> 00:10:57,729 into the arms of God, 153 00:10:57,729 --> 00:11:00,979 taking seriously not our own sufferings 154 00:11:02,215 --> 00:11:04,715 but those of God in the world. 155 00:11:06,652 --> 00:11:10,819 - The time in Tegel Prison after the failure of the coup, 156 00:11:12,262 --> 00:11:16,268 it's from this moment on when he has to reckon with 157 00:11:16,268 --> 00:11:17,435 his own death. 158 00:11:18,727 --> 00:11:23,048 And he's enamored with this figure of Moses on Mount Nebo. 159 00:11:23,048 --> 00:11:27,363 Moses, who gets to look into the Promised Land 160 00:11:27,363 --> 00:11:29,404 but will not enter it, 161 00:11:29,404 --> 00:11:33,315 that's Bonhoeffer and the conspirators. 162 00:11:33,315 --> 00:11:34,410 - [Bonhoeffer Voiceover] Grant me to witness, 163 00:11:34,410 --> 00:11:36,806 through the veil of death, my people, 164 00:11:36,806 --> 00:11:39,899 at their high triumphant feast. 165 00:11:39,899 --> 00:11:43,022 I fail and sink into thine eternity 166 00:11:43,022 --> 00:11:46,682 but see my people marching forward, free. 167 00:11:46,682 --> 00:11:51,634 Stay, hold my nervous hands that fall on my staff. 168 00:11:51,634 --> 00:11:55,217 Thou faithful God, prepare me for my grave. 169 00:11:56,538 --> 00:11:59,886 - Some of the records will say that he with others 170 00:11:59,886 --> 00:12:03,192 pretty much felt their fate was sealed 171 00:12:03,192 --> 00:12:04,597 and that it was over. 172 00:12:04,597 --> 00:12:07,044 That there lives would likely end. 173 00:12:07,044 --> 00:12:09,653 But you know as the weeks went on I'm not so sure 174 00:12:09,653 --> 00:12:13,022 that if I was in his place or any of us would know 175 00:12:13,022 --> 00:12:15,536 that that's truly a possibility, 176 00:12:15,536 --> 00:12:17,105 but I think they had also seen enough 177 00:12:17,105 --> 00:12:20,300 serendipitous stuff happen, I would still guess 178 00:12:20,300 --> 00:12:21,891 that they thought there was a slim chance 179 00:12:21,891 --> 00:12:24,570 that somebody might intervene and they could see 180 00:12:24,570 --> 00:12:26,952 the next month and years of their life. 181 00:12:26,952 --> 00:12:30,869 (speaking in foreign language) 182 00:12:34,589 --> 00:12:36,865 - [Delmer] The Allies were pushing their way across France 183 00:12:36,865 --> 00:12:39,012 towards Germany. 184 00:12:39,012 --> 00:12:42,695 Our radio broadcasts were of course already there, 185 00:12:42,695 --> 00:12:46,346 serving up a daily delicious blend of fact and fiction, 186 00:12:46,346 --> 00:12:48,846 to whoever might be listening. 187 00:12:50,838 --> 00:12:55,005 By 1944 I had long since traded decency for deception, 188 00:12:56,156 --> 00:12:58,662 throwing myself completely into the work 189 00:12:58,662 --> 00:13:00,745 of crushing Nazi Germany. 190 00:13:01,839 --> 00:13:04,420 How many listeners believed our black propaganda, 191 00:13:04,420 --> 00:13:07,912 we never knew, but enough successful reports came in 192 00:13:07,912 --> 00:13:10,579 to make me hope there were many. 193 00:13:11,651 --> 00:13:14,734 It was hard work, but also quite fun. 194 00:13:15,773 --> 00:13:18,356 (upbeat music) 195 00:13:34,118 --> 00:13:38,763 - You do know that nobody will be able to see your lipstick 196 00:13:38,763 --> 00:13:39,846 on the radio. 197 00:13:41,116 --> 00:13:43,033 - I know, but you will. 198 00:13:50,161 --> 00:13:52,463 - There's wine on the Rhine. 199 00:13:52,463 --> 00:13:55,971 Two barrels have broken and lost their spirits. 200 00:13:55,971 --> 00:13:57,280 - Is that code? 201 00:13:57,280 --> 00:13:59,569 - Just as we hoped, we lured them over the Alps 202 00:13:59,569 --> 00:14:02,101 with the false coordinates we broadcast 203 00:14:02,101 --> 00:14:03,613 and they ran out of fuel. 204 00:14:03,613 --> 00:14:05,775 (laughing) 205 00:14:05,775 --> 00:14:08,745 - What do you know your black propaganda actually works. 206 00:14:08,745 --> 00:14:12,545 - Recently we even had the SS arresting each other. 207 00:14:12,545 --> 00:14:14,446 - Mostly we just keep those faithful German soldiers 208 00:14:14,446 --> 00:14:18,422 worried sick that their wives aren't quite so faithful. 209 00:14:18,422 --> 00:14:22,505 - And if those soldiers die, Sefton sends cheery letters 210 00:14:22,505 --> 00:14:26,200 to their families to make them think they're still alive. 211 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:27,120 - Why? 212 00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:30,298 - Spreads rumors, breaks morale. 213 00:14:30,298 --> 00:14:32,715 - Second one in sixth months. 214 00:14:33,759 --> 00:14:35,926 - [Fleming] What about me? 215 00:14:37,231 --> 00:14:40,251 - I think the coordinates were Sefton's idea. 216 00:14:40,251 --> 00:14:42,999 If I remember correctly you were busy creating 217 00:14:42,999 --> 00:14:46,631 sexist names for your future spy novels. 218 00:14:46,631 --> 00:14:49,551 - Now what shall we report today? 219 00:14:49,551 --> 00:14:51,169 - I have an idea. 220 00:14:51,169 --> 00:14:52,452 - Let's hear it. 221 00:14:52,452 --> 00:14:55,106 - We finally announce the formal agreement 222 00:14:55,106 --> 00:14:57,248 between the German Resistance and the Allies. 223 00:14:57,248 --> 00:14:58,081 - Ian-- 224 00:14:58,081 --> 00:14:59,019 - It's time. 225 00:14:59,019 --> 00:14:59,920 - You keep pitching that. 226 00:14:59,920 --> 00:15:01,657 - Save it for your book Ian. 227 00:15:01,657 --> 00:15:04,467 Nobody wants more spies and double agents. 228 00:15:04,467 --> 00:15:05,793 - We have Otto now. 229 00:15:05,793 --> 00:15:07,688 - He's here for the details. 230 00:15:07,688 --> 00:15:08,521 - Yeah then why-- 231 00:15:08,521 --> 00:15:10,515 - Every German resistor is seen by the Allies 232 00:15:10,515 --> 00:15:13,387 as a spy pretending to be anti-Nazi. 233 00:15:13,387 --> 00:15:16,203 Remember the Venlo fiasco? 234 00:15:16,203 --> 00:15:18,996 A most unpleasant introduction to the German Resistance. 235 00:15:18,996 --> 00:15:20,815 - That was nearly five years ago. 236 00:15:20,815 --> 00:15:21,991 - Will our audience really believe 237 00:15:21,991 --> 00:15:24,741 that high-ranking Germans would turn against Hitler? 238 00:15:24,741 --> 00:15:26,307 - But they have. 239 00:15:26,307 --> 00:15:27,140 We have. 240 00:15:29,169 --> 00:15:32,929 My brother Hans and I were recruited into the Resistance 241 00:15:32,929 --> 00:15:34,596 by Klaus Bonhoeffer. 242 00:15:35,717 --> 00:15:39,135 The entire Bonhoeffer family was very anti-Nazi, 243 00:15:39,135 --> 00:15:41,493 even before the start of the war. 244 00:15:41,493 --> 00:15:42,954 - This is good Otto. 245 00:15:42,954 --> 00:15:44,037 Tell us more. 246 00:15:46,231 --> 00:15:49,296 - We would often meet at the Bonhoeffer home 247 00:15:49,296 --> 00:15:53,795 in order to discuss plans to eliminate Hitler. 248 00:15:53,795 --> 00:15:57,492 We were involved in the attempted coup in 1938. 249 00:15:57,492 --> 00:16:00,586 This was a plan organized by Hans Oster 250 00:16:00,586 --> 00:16:03,138 and there were top generals supporting us. 251 00:16:03,138 --> 00:16:05,823 Even the Berlin Chief of Police. 252 00:16:05,823 --> 00:16:08,513 Our plan was to wait for Hitler's order to attack 253 00:16:08,513 --> 00:16:11,143 Czechoslovakia and then with lightning speed 254 00:16:11,143 --> 00:16:13,391 seize him in the Chancellery. 255 00:16:13,391 --> 00:16:14,655 Professor Bonhoeffer, 256 00:16:14,655 --> 00:16:17,463 Head of Psychiatry at Berlin University, 257 00:16:17,463 --> 00:16:20,199 would then declare him insane. 258 00:16:20,199 --> 00:16:24,110 Subsequently he would be removed from power. 259 00:16:24,110 --> 00:16:25,833 - What happened? 260 00:16:25,833 --> 00:16:28,197 - The world gave in to Germany's demands. 261 00:16:28,197 --> 00:16:32,814 No shots were fired and Czechoslovakia was erased 262 00:16:32,814 --> 00:16:34,313 from the map. 263 00:16:34,313 --> 00:16:36,397 Hitler looked like a statesman. 264 00:16:36,397 --> 00:16:39,147 No one would've supported a coup. 265 00:16:44,499 --> 00:16:46,916 Our best chance came in 1943. 266 00:16:48,233 --> 00:16:51,013 We disguised a bomb as two bottles of brandy 267 00:16:51,013 --> 00:16:55,541 using a captured British explosive with a pencil detonator. 268 00:16:55,541 --> 00:16:58,426 After months of preparation we enacted our plan 269 00:16:58,426 --> 00:17:01,376 which we called Operation Flash. 270 00:17:01,376 --> 00:17:03,607 We managed to give the bomb to Colonel Brandt, 271 00:17:03,607 --> 00:17:05,553 telling him it was a gift, 272 00:17:05,553 --> 00:17:08,466 which he placed on Hitler's plane. 273 00:17:08,466 --> 00:17:11,032 We toasted our luck in getting the explosive 274 00:17:11,032 --> 00:17:12,949 right under the Fuehrer. 275 00:17:13,967 --> 00:17:18,134 And later that night we toasted the detonator that failed. 276 00:17:22,938 --> 00:17:25,255 It's as if the Devil is protecting him. 277 00:17:25,255 --> 00:17:27,977 - But who would believe all this? 278 00:17:27,977 --> 00:17:31,459 - Why is that so hard to believe? 279 00:17:31,459 --> 00:17:34,774 That a German might act out of a sense of conscience, 280 00:17:34,774 --> 00:17:37,191 and not simply self-interest. 281 00:17:38,083 --> 00:17:40,482 Why have you invited me here if you believe, 282 00:17:40,482 --> 00:17:42,633 as Churchill does, that there is no such thing 283 00:17:42,633 --> 00:17:43,801 as a good German. 284 00:17:43,801 --> 00:17:44,767 - That's not what I said. 285 00:17:44,767 --> 00:17:47,634 - No but it's what you meant. 286 00:17:47,634 --> 00:17:48,467 - Listen-- 287 00:17:48,467 --> 00:17:50,744 - Klaus' brother, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, 288 00:17:50,744 --> 00:17:53,911 managed to get out of Germany in 1939. 289 00:17:54,789 --> 00:17:57,907 He made it all the way to New York City. 290 00:17:57,907 --> 00:18:01,516 It was his conscience that made him return. 291 00:18:01,516 --> 00:18:05,674 - A pastor, taking part in the assassination plots. 292 00:18:05,674 --> 00:18:07,979 - Because of my job with the airlines 293 00:18:07,979 --> 00:18:09,963 I too could have fled. 294 00:18:09,963 --> 00:18:12,926 But I followed Dietrich's lead. 295 00:18:12,926 --> 00:18:16,176 We were resistors, for God and country, 296 00:18:17,539 --> 00:18:20,289 before Hitler was losing the war. 297 00:18:24,895 --> 00:18:27,395 When we had something to lose. 298 00:18:29,174 --> 00:18:32,483 (tense music) 299 00:18:32,483 --> 00:18:33,733 - My apologies. 300 00:18:35,721 --> 00:18:39,893 Churchill dismissed the German resistors at Valkyrie as 301 00:18:39,893 --> 00:18:44,665 an internal disease, but it was clear that the German pastor 302 00:18:44,665 --> 00:18:47,427 with others was inspired into action 303 00:18:47,427 --> 00:18:50,810 by a deep Christian conviction. 304 00:18:50,810 --> 00:18:52,560 But who was Dietrich? 305 00:18:54,283 --> 00:18:57,950 One of eight children, he got his PhD at 21. 306 00:18:59,294 --> 00:19:02,478 A man of intellect, but a man of the world 307 00:19:02,478 --> 00:19:04,410 who loved to travel. 308 00:19:04,410 --> 00:19:07,426 Cuba, North Africa, Mexico, 309 00:19:07,426 --> 00:19:10,573 he loved the bullfights of Barcelona. 310 00:19:10,573 --> 00:19:12,216 He had lived in America for a year, 311 00:19:12,216 --> 00:19:14,635 much of his time in Harlem. 312 00:19:14,635 --> 00:19:18,983 - Bonhoeffer loves life and he savors life. 313 00:19:18,983 --> 00:19:22,327 One time when Karl Barth sent a cigar 314 00:19:22,327 --> 00:19:25,492 by way of Eberhard Bethge to Bonhoeffer in prison, 315 00:19:25,492 --> 00:19:29,495 Bonhoeffer responds, this is a sacrament. 316 00:19:29,495 --> 00:19:32,967 This is a kind of savoring of life. 317 00:19:32,967 --> 00:19:36,001 - [Delmer] This likable misfit was also part of 318 00:19:36,001 --> 00:19:40,365 a highly educated and well-connected family. 319 00:19:40,365 --> 00:19:43,198 (crowds chanting) 320 00:19:46,092 --> 00:19:48,971 When Hitler came into power in 1933, 321 00:19:48,971 --> 00:19:51,599 Germans were ready for something more than the chaos 322 00:19:51,599 --> 00:19:55,099 of Weimar and humiliation of World War One 323 00:19:56,027 --> 00:19:59,679 but it seems the Bonhoeffer family was one of the few 324 00:19:59,679 --> 00:20:03,762 who didn't think this was the rebirth of Germany. 325 00:20:05,023 --> 00:20:07,351 - The interesting part of the Bonhoeffer House 326 00:20:07,351 --> 00:20:10,476 in Charlottenburg, during those years I think was 327 00:20:10,476 --> 00:20:14,295 the coming together of so many important people. 328 00:20:14,295 --> 00:20:17,475 Dietrich Bonhoeffer was the confessing church pastor 329 00:20:17,475 --> 00:20:20,653 and in some ways was a fly on the wall 330 00:20:20,653 --> 00:20:23,321 because gathering there would be his brother-in-law 331 00:20:23,321 --> 00:20:25,666 Hans von Dohnányi, who some would claim was the 332 00:20:25,666 --> 00:20:29,335 intellectual head of the July 20th plot. 333 00:20:29,335 --> 00:20:31,439 Rüdiger Schleicher and his brother-in-law, 334 00:20:31,439 --> 00:20:35,371 and his brother Klaus had key parts to play 335 00:20:35,371 --> 00:20:38,825 in that plot as it unfolded and I'm sure they found 336 00:20:38,825 --> 00:20:42,568 in the house on the Marienburger Allee, 337 00:20:42,568 --> 00:20:45,932 a safe place of trusted people. 338 00:20:45,932 --> 00:20:48,166 - It turns out that several in that family, 339 00:20:48,166 --> 00:20:51,551 especially Hans von Dohnányi was high placed 340 00:20:51,551 --> 00:20:55,108 in the military counter intelligence, the Abwehr. 341 00:20:55,108 --> 00:20:59,637 So the Bonhoeffer family had access to information 342 00:20:59,637 --> 00:21:02,357 about the medical experiments, 343 00:21:02,357 --> 00:21:05,477 later on about the concentration camps, 344 00:21:05,477 --> 00:21:10,193 so Dietrich Bonhoeffer understood the degrees of hell 345 00:21:10,193 --> 00:21:11,276 in that land. 346 00:21:12,118 --> 00:21:15,039 - Oster and Canaris, at the recommendation of 347 00:21:15,039 --> 00:21:18,351 Dietrich Bonhoeffer's brother-in-law, Hans von Dohnányi, 348 00:21:18,351 --> 00:21:21,464 recommended that Dietrich Bonhoeffer be employed, 349 00:21:21,464 --> 00:21:24,360 and used by the Abwehr, military intelligence, 350 00:21:24,360 --> 00:21:27,567 because of his ecumenical contacts and his relations 351 00:21:27,567 --> 00:21:30,381 with parts of the world where they thought the Nazis 352 00:21:30,381 --> 00:21:33,541 could use some good public relations. 353 00:21:33,541 --> 00:21:36,922 Even though his past had shown some resistance 354 00:21:36,922 --> 00:21:38,912 to the National Socialist regime, 355 00:21:38,912 --> 00:21:41,610 the argument they used was that the Abwehr and intelligence 356 00:21:41,610 --> 00:21:42,798 uses all kinds of people, 357 00:21:42,798 --> 00:21:46,902 not just people who've been loyal to the Reich. 358 00:21:46,902 --> 00:21:50,048 - [Delmer] So Bonhoeffer began visiting his allied contacts 359 00:21:50,048 --> 00:21:52,836 hoping they could convince Churchill to recognize 360 00:21:52,836 --> 00:21:55,735 the Germans plotting Hitler's assassination. 361 00:21:55,735 --> 00:21:59,291 One such trip, in 1942, took him to Norway 362 00:21:59,291 --> 00:22:01,536 under the guise of official work. 363 00:22:01,536 --> 00:22:03,047 But his real mission was to contact 364 00:22:03,047 --> 00:22:05,466 the local resistance movement. 365 00:22:05,466 --> 00:22:08,797 Accompanying him was another agent, Helmut Von Moltke, 366 00:22:08,797 --> 00:22:11,035 and their time together, in many ways, 367 00:22:11,035 --> 00:22:15,202 brought the ethical challenges of the Resistance into focus. 368 00:22:18,345 --> 00:22:21,582 - The two went together, they came to Sassnitz 369 00:22:21,582 --> 00:22:26,074 on the Isle of Ruegen and there was ice on the sea 370 00:22:26,074 --> 00:22:28,657 and the ferry boat wouldn't go. 371 00:22:30,792 --> 00:22:34,189 So they had the night in the hotel 372 00:22:34,189 --> 00:22:37,535 and the whole morning for themselves and they decided 373 00:22:37,535 --> 00:22:40,290 they would go to the Stubbenkammer, 374 00:22:40,290 --> 00:22:42,707 the very famous chalk cliffs. 375 00:22:44,629 --> 00:22:48,212 And they had four and a half hours to talk. 376 00:22:50,177 --> 00:22:53,782 I have tried for years to find out what the two 377 00:22:53,782 --> 00:22:55,403 have talked about. 378 00:22:55,403 --> 00:22:58,505 I was so frustrated in the end that I thought 379 00:22:58,505 --> 00:23:02,661 the beech trees would tell me what they had talked about. 380 00:23:02,661 --> 00:23:05,789 I said this as a joke to my family members 381 00:23:05,789 --> 00:23:08,964 because I wanted to go there and see the place 382 00:23:08,964 --> 00:23:12,734 and we went there and the beeches didn't, 383 00:23:12,734 --> 00:23:16,067 the beech trees didn't tell me anything. 384 00:23:17,387 --> 00:23:21,347 And then we went to Kreisau in Silesia. 385 00:23:21,347 --> 00:23:25,514 And I heard that the Countess Moltke had said well 386 00:23:26,439 --> 00:23:29,222 Bonhoeffer and my husband couldn't get together 387 00:23:29,222 --> 00:23:32,889 because Bonhoeffer was talking like a scribe 388 00:23:34,041 --> 00:23:37,748 in the New Testament, they are the scribes. 389 00:23:37,748 --> 00:23:41,686 And in that moment I knew what they had talked about 390 00:23:41,686 --> 00:23:44,057 because they had talked about the passage 391 00:23:44,057 --> 00:23:48,224 in Bonhoeffer's ethics which he had just worked out. 392 00:23:50,057 --> 00:23:53,974 Namely is it allowed to kill the head of state. 393 00:23:56,297 --> 00:23:59,882 And especially is it allowed for Christians 394 00:23:59,882 --> 00:24:03,799 who follow the commandment thou shalt not kill. 395 00:24:06,707 --> 00:24:09,207 (tense music) 396 00:24:11,409 --> 00:24:15,534 - I think it's too easy to try and force him into saying 397 00:24:15,534 --> 00:24:17,456 he was or was not a pacifist 398 00:24:17,456 --> 00:24:19,562 or was or was not an assassin. 399 00:24:19,562 --> 00:24:23,719 He knew he was living in an incredibly complex situation. 400 00:24:23,719 --> 00:24:27,233 Now he deeply respected the pacifist position. 401 00:24:27,233 --> 00:24:30,322 He wanted to go to India to learn from Gandhi 402 00:24:30,322 --> 00:24:32,346 about non-violent resistance. 403 00:24:32,346 --> 00:24:34,314 He knew the cost of war--he'd lost a brother 404 00:24:34,314 --> 00:24:35,772 in the First World War. 405 00:24:35,772 --> 00:24:39,939 Yet what do you do, do you preserve your innocence 406 00:24:41,005 --> 00:24:44,000 and therefore incur the guilt of doing nothing. 407 00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:47,167 - Bonhoeffer says we live in a country 408 00:24:49,413 --> 00:24:54,300 where the head of state orders the death of innocent people 409 00:24:54,300 --> 00:24:56,883 in their thousands day per day. 410 00:24:58,253 --> 00:25:02,420 And the only way we can stop it is that we kill him. 411 00:25:03,324 --> 00:25:06,907 And therefore God leaves us free to do this 412 00:25:08,586 --> 00:25:12,669 as he left his son Jesus free to heal sick people 413 00:25:14,824 --> 00:25:16,660 on Sabbath day. 414 00:25:16,660 --> 00:25:21,168 And Count Moltke said you can't compare that. 415 00:25:21,168 --> 00:25:23,293 - [Keith Clements] But he says both militarism 416 00:25:23,293 --> 00:25:25,327 and rigid doctrinaire pacifism 417 00:25:25,327 --> 00:25:27,146 don't really deal with the question 418 00:25:27,146 --> 00:25:29,604 of how you act responsibly. 419 00:25:29,604 --> 00:25:33,282 You've got to face what is your duty towards God 420 00:25:33,282 --> 00:25:35,258 and the test of that is what is going to happen 421 00:25:35,258 --> 00:25:36,470 to other people. 422 00:25:36,470 --> 00:25:39,811 And I think that question troubled him during the resistance 423 00:25:39,811 --> 00:25:43,004 and he had to counsel people in the Resistance 424 00:25:43,004 --> 00:25:44,802 who were facing that dilemma. 425 00:25:44,802 --> 00:25:48,779 - I think when someone asks what did Bonhoeffer actually do-- 426 00:25:48,779 --> 00:25:50,831 this is what he did. 427 00:25:50,831 --> 00:25:54,682 He speaks from his faith about the context that we are in, 428 00:25:54,682 --> 00:25:57,388 in what Christ is actually calling us to do. 429 00:25:57,388 --> 00:26:01,798 Why our faith compels us to do something different 430 00:26:01,798 --> 00:26:04,732 than what Nazi Christianity is asking of us. 431 00:26:04,732 --> 00:26:06,811 - His choice to be part of the conspiracy I think, 432 00:26:06,811 --> 00:26:09,362 in the end, wasn't actually a choice. 433 00:26:09,362 --> 00:26:11,561 He knew that it was necessary. 434 00:26:11,561 --> 00:26:14,944 He knew that there were only a small handful of people 435 00:26:14,944 --> 00:26:16,194 who understood. 436 00:26:26,821 --> 00:26:30,352 - [Delmer] Back in Tegel Prison the Nazis moved closer 437 00:26:30,352 --> 00:26:32,377 to evidence of Dietrich's involvement 438 00:26:32,377 --> 00:26:34,686 in the assassination plot. 439 00:26:34,686 --> 00:26:39,337 Soon Bonhoeffer was forced into stricter quarters. 440 00:26:39,337 --> 00:26:40,893 They transferred him to the dregs of 441 00:26:40,893 --> 00:26:44,256 Prinz Albrecht Strasse number eight. 442 00:26:44,256 --> 00:26:45,794 The hellish prison in the basement 443 00:26:45,794 --> 00:26:48,457 of the Gestapo Headquarters. 444 00:26:48,457 --> 00:26:52,153 Later, after surviving massive Allied bombing, 445 00:26:52,153 --> 00:26:55,551 he was transferred to the Buchenwald Concentration Camp. 446 00:26:55,551 --> 00:26:58,051 (tense music) 447 00:27:10,318 --> 00:27:12,008 Buchenwald was a concentration camp 448 00:27:12,008 --> 00:27:14,025 and many say the largest. 449 00:27:14,025 --> 00:27:17,465 I heard the deaths were in the tens of thousands. 450 00:27:17,465 --> 00:27:20,187 A horror of German proportions. 451 00:27:20,187 --> 00:27:21,966 My apologies Otto. 452 00:27:21,966 --> 00:27:25,408 On the edge of this death camp amidst countless atrocities 453 00:27:25,408 --> 00:27:28,908 and his chances of survival were not good. 454 00:27:37,176 --> 00:27:39,723 After two years in prison Bonhoeffer was losing touch 455 00:27:39,723 --> 00:27:42,274 with the outside world. 456 00:27:42,274 --> 00:27:44,597 There are rumors his 20 year old fiancee 457 00:27:44,597 --> 00:27:47,721 even visited Buchenwald to look for him 458 00:27:47,721 --> 00:27:50,138 but was told he wasn't there. 459 00:27:51,204 --> 00:27:52,846 On his own Dietrich was trapped 460 00:27:52,846 --> 00:27:55,348 with a strange mix of prisoners. 461 00:27:55,348 --> 00:27:57,177 If you can believe those who made it to freedom 462 00:27:57,177 --> 00:27:58,859 the stories of his inmates are even better 463 00:27:58,859 --> 00:28:00,844 than I could've written. 464 00:28:00,844 --> 00:28:05,363 There was Hugh Falconer, part of a secret British sabotage 465 00:28:05,363 --> 00:28:07,613 and espionage organization. 466 00:28:09,302 --> 00:28:12,774 One Doctor Hoven was supposedly a failed actor 467 00:28:12,774 --> 00:28:14,659 who pretended to be a doctor 468 00:28:14,659 --> 00:28:17,753 and served as a medical officer in Buchenwald. 469 00:28:17,753 --> 00:28:20,201 Another, Doctor Sigmund Rascher, 470 00:28:20,201 --> 00:28:22,839 invented the suicide pill. 471 00:28:22,839 --> 00:28:25,854 His real claim to fame was placing volunteer prisoners 472 00:28:25,854 --> 00:28:28,750 in the murderous skyrider, a pressure chamber 473 00:28:28,750 --> 00:28:33,417 which simulated high altitude oxygen deprivation. 474 00:28:33,417 --> 00:28:35,800 I even heard there was a young woman there. 475 00:28:35,800 --> 00:28:37,204 Can you believe that? 476 00:28:37,204 --> 00:28:38,704 With 16 or 18 men. 477 00:28:40,404 --> 00:28:44,571 Can't be true, but if it is, she had to be a Gestapo spy. 478 00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:51,316 - Payne Best was a remarkable person. 479 00:28:51,316 --> 00:28:54,796 He was an officer in the British military intelligence 480 00:28:54,796 --> 00:28:56,975 who'd been captured by the Germans 481 00:28:56,975 --> 00:29:01,175 and spent the entire rest of the war in prison camp. 482 00:29:01,175 --> 00:29:03,624 He got to know Bonhoeffer in Buchenwald 483 00:29:03,624 --> 00:29:07,993 where they were sharing the same corridor together. 484 00:29:07,993 --> 00:29:09,817 - [Best Voiceover] Bonhoeffer was all humility 485 00:29:09,817 --> 00:29:11,675 and sweetness. 486 00:29:11,675 --> 00:29:14,621 He always seemed to me to diffuse an atmosphere of happiness 487 00:29:14,621 --> 00:29:18,218 of joy in even the smallest event in life, 488 00:29:18,218 --> 00:29:22,138 and of deep gratitude for the mere fact that he was alive. 489 00:29:22,138 --> 00:29:24,274 He was one of the few men I have ever met 490 00:29:24,274 --> 00:29:27,904 to whom his God was real and ever close to him. 491 00:29:27,904 --> 00:29:30,481 - And he wasn't a religious type at all 492 00:29:30,481 --> 00:29:34,064 but he and Bonhoeffer shared their tobacco, 493 00:29:35,831 --> 00:29:39,332 they shared the chess set, Bonhoeffer loved to play chess 494 00:29:39,332 --> 00:29:42,882 and Payne Best gave him his chess set 495 00:29:42,882 --> 00:29:45,163 to amuse himself with in prison. 496 00:29:45,163 --> 00:29:46,636 He gave him all sorts of things. 497 00:29:46,636 --> 00:29:49,692 He gave him a pair of golfing shoes I believe which 498 00:29:49,692 --> 00:29:52,021 I don't know how Best had acquired golfing shoes 499 00:29:52,021 --> 00:29:55,354 in a Nazi concentration camp but he did. 500 00:29:56,338 --> 00:29:59,076 But this was part of prison life I think 501 00:29:59,076 --> 00:30:01,955 that people shared what little they had with each other. 502 00:30:01,955 --> 00:30:05,437 - Payne Best did not reckon with his survival. 503 00:30:05,437 --> 00:30:08,734 He thought when he was brought into this cellar 504 00:30:08,734 --> 00:30:12,817 in Buchenwald, this will be my last living place. 505 00:30:14,114 --> 00:30:19,084 When the air raids came they hoped that this would end 506 00:30:19,084 --> 00:30:22,751 a war for the Jewish people who had survived 507 00:30:24,208 --> 00:30:28,375 in the concentration camp so far and for peaceful people 508 00:30:30,220 --> 00:30:33,207 all over the world including Germany. 509 00:30:33,207 --> 00:30:37,207 So their own lives were not as important to them 510 00:30:38,207 --> 00:30:40,374 as the end of the war was. 511 00:30:41,829 --> 00:30:45,246 Still they all hoped to get out of prison 512 00:30:46,202 --> 00:30:47,535 and to be saved. 513 00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:53,750 (downbeat music) 514 00:31:02,141 --> 00:31:03,554 - Ah. 515 00:31:03,554 --> 00:31:05,054 Dulles or Dullous? 516 00:31:07,038 --> 00:31:08,830 - [Delmer] Dulles. 517 00:31:08,830 --> 00:31:09,663 - Got it. 518 00:31:10,553 --> 00:31:12,650 Who is this man? 519 00:31:12,650 --> 00:31:16,291 - OSS Special Assistant to President Roosevelt. 520 00:31:16,291 --> 00:31:19,302 Self-appointed liaison with the German Resistance 521 00:31:19,302 --> 00:31:23,191 and now negotiator and chief to getting orderly surrender 522 00:31:23,191 --> 00:31:26,561 of hundreds of thousands of German troops in Italy. 523 00:31:26,561 --> 00:31:29,046 - Well Mr Dulles has got some nerve 524 00:31:29,046 --> 00:31:31,879 if he's negotiating anything close to that. 525 00:31:31,879 --> 00:31:35,596 - And speaking of negotiating surrenders 526 00:31:35,596 --> 00:31:39,343 Dulles is especially focused on a love affair 527 00:31:39,343 --> 00:31:42,260 with some bird named Mary Bancroft. 528 00:31:43,576 --> 00:31:46,386 - Somebody sounds jealous. 529 00:31:46,386 --> 00:31:47,782 - Hey. 530 00:31:47,782 --> 00:31:49,115 I've had plenty. 531 00:31:49,115 --> 00:31:51,580 - Children we're about to go on air. 532 00:31:51,580 --> 00:31:55,080 Let's maintain a level of professionalism. 533 00:31:59,607 --> 00:32:00,440 All right. 534 00:32:01,306 --> 00:32:03,639 Going live, three, two, one. 535 00:33:11,527 --> 00:33:13,110 - Great work Agnes. 536 00:33:19,720 --> 00:33:21,387 - Are you okay Otto? 537 00:33:25,330 --> 00:33:26,811 - I'm fine. 538 00:33:26,811 --> 00:33:28,742 - Are you sure? 539 00:33:28,742 --> 00:33:31,075 - It's all going to be gone. 540 00:33:32,670 --> 00:33:35,003 It's Kaiser Willhelm Church. 541 00:33:35,910 --> 00:33:37,854 It's Berlin Palace. 542 00:33:37,854 --> 00:33:39,399 Unter den Linden. 543 00:33:39,399 --> 00:33:40,399 The bridges. 544 00:33:42,372 --> 00:33:45,931 Even the trees of the Tiergarten are dead. 545 00:33:45,931 --> 00:33:49,311 Berlin was the capital of the world. 546 00:33:49,311 --> 00:33:51,561 A magnet for intellectuals. 547 00:33:53,864 --> 00:33:57,947 But after this bombing it will never be the same. 548 00:33:59,161 --> 00:34:00,161 - It's true. 549 00:34:01,386 --> 00:34:04,719 - And my brother and Dietrich and Klaus. 550 00:34:08,449 --> 00:34:10,116 Somewhere right now. 551 00:34:13,146 --> 00:34:16,396 They might be listening to our program. 552 00:34:19,867 --> 00:34:24,034 Believing in their hearts that they might be rescued. 553 00:34:28,018 --> 00:34:31,685 And nothing could be further from the truth. 554 00:34:32,747 --> 00:34:34,815 (mournful music) 555 00:34:34,815 --> 00:34:36,439 - [Delmer] Churchill made it clear 556 00:34:36,439 --> 00:34:39,692 there were no lengths of violence to which we would not go 557 00:34:39,692 --> 00:34:43,164 to beat the life out of Germany. 558 00:34:43,164 --> 00:34:46,858 Initially our airstrikes avoided civilians. 559 00:34:46,858 --> 00:34:49,025 Later they became targets. 560 00:34:50,746 --> 00:34:54,524 Of course I didn't firebomb working class neighborhoods 561 00:34:54,524 --> 00:34:58,691 in Hamburg or mock the victims as Hamburger, as some did. 562 00:35:00,730 --> 00:35:05,004 But I did wonder what role our broadcasts were playing 563 00:35:05,004 --> 00:35:09,087 and the Allied policy of unconditional surrender. 564 00:35:10,248 --> 00:35:13,331 That policy, called for by Roosevelt, 565 00:35:14,291 --> 00:35:17,782 had doomed Otto's friends' efforts to negotiate 566 00:35:17,782 --> 00:35:19,565 with the Allies. 567 00:35:19,565 --> 00:35:23,065 To save Germany from complete destruction. 568 00:35:26,058 --> 00:35:28,688 - The British Foreign Office just pretended 569 00:35:28,688 --> 00:35:32,170 they were ignorant of German resistance before the war 570 00:35:32,170 --> 00:35:33,450 which they were not. 571 00:35:33,450 --> 00:35:36,783 They had refused the conspirators' plea. 572 00:35:38,990 --> 00:35:42,558 - What Churchill feared was that if there was a link 573 00:35:42,558 --> 00:35:46,725 between German Resistance and the British Government, 574 00:35:47,724 --> 00:35:50,807 Stalin might say you are cheating me. 575 00:35:51,672 --> 00:35:54,558 - The Russians obviously were fighting their own war, 576 00:35:54,558 --> 00:35:57,674 in their own country and it would be dreadful 577 00:35:57,674 --> 00:35:59,808 if the British had been thought to be making 578 00:35:59,808 --> 00:36:02,558 a separate deal with the Germans. 579 00:36:07,207 --> 00:36:11,374 - The German military forces were also starting to 580 00:36:12,588 --> 00:36:16,188 become more resolved to fight because of the demand 581 00:36:16,188 --> 00:36:20,355 for unconditional surrender and the amount of casualties 582 00:36:21,495 --> 00:36:25,162 in the months after July 1944 to May of 1945 583 00:36:28,686 --> 00:36:33,587 were disproportionately higher than the casualties before 584 00:36:33,587 --> 00:36:36,196 and that was in part a price 585 00:36:36,196 --> 00:36:38,863 for the unconditional surrender. 586 00:36:45,474 --> 00:36:48,974 (planes roaring overhead) 587 00:37:05,268 --> 00:37:08,101 (static on radio) 588 00:37:24,566 --> 00:37:27,078 - [Man] Prisoners of Buchenwald, 589 00:37:27,078 --> 00:37:29,745 this is General Patton speaking. 590 00:37:32,273 --> 00:37:35,105 We have received your messages 591 00:37:35,105 --> 00:37:37,855 and are moving in your direction. 592 00:37:39,187 --> 00:37:40,270 Just hold on. 593 00:37:41,873 --> 00:37:42,956 Just hold on. 594 00:37:45,990 --> 00:37:48,598 - [Delmer] All in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp 595 00:37:48,598 --> 00:37:50,292 could hear the approaching sounds 596 00:37:50,292 --> 00:37:53,643 of the Allied bombs and planes. 597 00:37:53,643 --> 00:37:57,137 It was decided that several of the VIP prisoners, 598 00:37:57,137 --> 00:37:59,354 including Dietrich and Payne Best, 599 00:37:59,354 --> 00:38:03,521 would be transported south away from the Allied advance. 600 00:38:04,499 --> 00:38:07,554 Though the German transportation system was disintegrating 601 00:38:07,554 --> 00:38:10,084 and fuel was in short supply, 602 00:38:10,084 --> 00:38:13,881 the Nazi High Command seemed to have some unknown purpose 603 00:38:13,881 --> 00:38:15,653 for these few. 604 00:38:15,653 --> 00:38:18,327 - There is the rumor that Himmler, 605 00:38:18,327 --> 00:38:22,569 the leader of the SS, one of the worst criminals 606 00:38:22,569 --> 00:38:26,592 of the Nazi era, he wanted to have a group of 607 00:38:26,592 --> 00:38:30,759 important prisoners to hand them over to the Allied people 608 00:38:31,751 --> 00:38:35,876 and save his own life, which was a ridiculous idea 609 00:38:35,876 --> 00:38:38,919 but this may have been the reason why 610 00:38:38,919 --> 00:38:43,581 the prisoners from Buchenwald were brought to Schoenberg 611 00:38:43,581 --> 00:38:46,664 in Bavaria and most of them survived. 612 00:38:49,643 --> 00:38:52,878 - [Delmer] Concerning their ultimate destination and fate, 613 00:38:52,878 --> 00:38:56,426 the guards were as befuddled as the prisoners. 614 00:38:56,426 --> 00:38:59,931 It was decided they would stay in a small schoolhouse 615 00:38:59,931 --> 00:39:02,457 that had been converted into a makeshift shelter 616 00:39:02,457 --> 00:39:03,624 for prisoners. 617 00:39:10,442 --> 00:39:14,192 (talking amongst each other) 618 00:39:19,298 --> 00:39:22,695 - I think that when Bonhoeffer had reached Schoenberg 619 00:39:22,695 --> 00:39:27,188 with the others he must have thought that this was the end 620 00:39:27,188 --> 00:39:31,631 of my imprisonment, the Americans are very close. 621 00:39:31,631 --> 00:39:34,910 We'll be freed and the war will be over, 622 00:39:34,910 --> 00:39:37,410 that there will be a new life. 623 00:39:38,506 --> 00:39:41,089 (gentle music) 624 00:39:48,694 --> 00:39:50,053 - Hope was rising for him. 625 00:39:50,053 --> 00:39:54,066 Surely the Gestapo and the Nazi apparatus 626 00:39:54,066 --> 00:39:57,053 was no longer interested in them way up in Berlin 627 00:39:57,053 --> 00:39:59,904 which was being bombed to pieces at that time. 628 00:39:59,904 --> 00:40:03,307 They must've thought they were safe and 629 00:40:03,307 --> 00:40:05,591 Bonhoeffer was not wanting to be a martyr. 630 00:40:05,591 --> 00:40:07,460 He was full of love of life. 631 00:40:07,460 --> 00:40:09,707 He was thinking of his parents, his friends, 632 00:40:09,707 --> 00:40:12,348 above all his fiancee Maria. 633 00:40:12,348 --> 00:40:14,423 And thinking my goodness me it's only gonna be 634 00:40:14,423 --> 00:40:17,673 a matter of days now and we'll be free. 635 00:40:37,293 --> 00:40:39,181 - [Delmer] Thanks to prisoner diaries 636 00:40:39,181 --> 00:40:43,301 we know it was an exhausted but increasingly hopeful group 637 00:40:43,301 --> 00:40:46,172 that settled in for the night. 638 00:40:46,172 --> 00:40:49,481 One memoir was written by Fey Von Hassell. 639 00:40:49,481 --> 00:40:52,508 Her father, a key member of the Resistance, 640 00:40:52,508 --> 00:40:56,008 had been condemned by Freisler and hanged. 641 00:40:56,008 --> 00:40:58,854 These were bittersweet days for Fey. 642 00:40:58,854 --> 00:41:02,782 Her two young sons, wrenched from her by Nazi caretakers, 643 00:41:02,782 --> 00:41:04,679 were still missing. 644 00:41:04,679 --> 00:41:07,837 Yet tender feelings toward a fellow VIP prisoner 645 00:41:07,837 --> 00:41:09,215 were growing. 646 00:41:09,215 --> 00:41:12,665 His family name, the blackest in Germany. 647 00:41:12,665 --> 00:41:13,748 Stauffenberg. 648 00:41:15,046 --> 00:41:18,688 Dietrich was learning Russian from a young Soviet prisoner 649 00:41:18,688 --> 00:41:22,293 who was the nephew of Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov 650 00:41:22,293 --> 00:41:24,376 of Molotov cocktail fame. 651 00:41:26,120 --> 00:41:28,697 Another VIP prisoner was a movie star 652 00:41:28,697 --> 00:41:32,609 and popular cabaret singer, Isa Vermehren. 653 00:41:32,609 --> 00:41:35,158 Isa had been entertaining German troops 654 00:41:35,158 --> 00:41:37,837 before her brother defected from the Abwehr 655 00:41:37,837 --> 00:41:39,837 resulting in her arrest. 656 00:41:41,094 --> 00:41:44,591 Captain Payne Best, as imperious as ever, 657 00:41:44,591 --> 00:41:46,881 tells of nearly jumping out of his skin 658 00:41:46,881 --> 00:41:48,999 when one of the beds broke. 659 00:41:48,999 --> 00:41:53,394 Apparently the beds were made with flimsy window blinds. 660 00:41:53,394 --> 00:41:55,964 Just as everyone in the room had settled down 661 00:41:55,964 --> 00:41:59,373 Best's own bed succumbed, much to the delight of the others. 662 00:41:59,373 --> 00:42:01,623 (laughing) 663 00:42:05,602 --> 00:42:07,696 The group knew the Soviets had secured 664 00:42:07,696 --> 00:42:11,619 all of eastern Europe and were rapidly approaching. 665 00:42:11,619 --> 00:42:13,822 To the west they could occasionally hear 666 00:42:13,822 --> 00:42:16,344 the American aircraft. 667 00:42:16,344 --> 00:42:20,511 They could almost taste freedom in the clear Bavarian air. 668 00:42:21,466 --> 00:42:24,883 (gentle accordion music) 669 00:42:25,913 --> 00:42:29,746 (singing in foreign language) 670 00:43:41,153 --> 00:43:42,732 - This is it. 671 00:43:42,732 --> 00:43:44,232 My last broadcast. 672 00:43:46,164 --> 00:43:49,740 I'm going to miss our little gang of rascals. 673 00:43:49,740 --> 00:43:50,823 Even you Ian. 674 00:43:51,716 --> 00:43:53,307 - Aw. 675 00:43:53,307 --> 00:43:55,663 - Better to end now than the war go on forever. 676 00:43:55,663 --> 00:43:58,245 - About the finale Sefton. 677 00:43:58,245 --> 00:44:02,412 I like your idea but the GS1 went off the air with a bang, 678 00:44:03,574 --> 00:44:04,657 with gunfire. 679 00:44:05,811 --> 00:44:10,433 Why not also go out with a bang and this record 680 00:44:10,433 --> 00:44:12,249 will do just the trick. 681 00:44:12,249 --> 00:44:13,157 Explosions. 682 00:44:13,157 --> 00:44:15,797 - Ian this isn't 30 Seconds Over Tokyo. 683 00:44:15,797 --> 00:44:18,105 - I've written something, just hear it. 684 00:44:18,105 --> 00:44:19,187 - Look I really don't have time-- 685 00:44:19,187 --> 00:44:21,104 - Take it away sweetie. 686 00:44:22,184 --> 00:44:24,339 - What is that sound? 687 00:44:24,339 --> 00:44:26,364 Allied bombers are here. 688 00:44:26,364 --> 00:44:29,656 The end has come my loyal listeners. 689 00:44:29,656 --> 00:44:34,061 When you hear my voice next, who knows when that may be, 690 00:44:34,061 --> 00:44:38,283 may it be in that eternal city where death may touch 691 00:44:38,283 --> 00:44:39,152 no more. - We'll go with 692 00:44:39,152 --> 00:44:40,671 what's written all right. 693 00:44:40,671 --> 00:44:44,138 - But why, bombings are the reality of what would happen 694 00:44:44,138 --> 00:44:46,100 if we were broadcasting in Germany. 695 00:44:46,100 --> 00:44:47,388 - I don't care. 696 00:44:47,388 --> 00:44:49,167 I want Vicky to live. 697 00:44:49,167 --> 00:44:50,891 Even if our audience never hears her again 698 00:44:50,891 --> 00:44:53,618 I want them to believe that she was real. 699 00:44:53,618 --> 00:44:57,701 So we'll go off quietly, without any explanation. 700 00:45:00,098 --> 00:45:01,866 - You're the boss. 701 00:45:01,866 --> 00:45:04,283 - Let's get ready to go live. 702 00:45:53,124 --> 00:45:55,874 (mournful music) 703 00:46:17,375 --> 00:46:19,958 - [Delmer Voiceover] We did it. 704 00:46:21,437 --> 00:46:22,270 We won. 705 00:46:25,615 --> 00:46:28,556 So why is it when I look at myself, 706 00:46:28,556 --> 00:46:31,389 all I see is a flabby faced crook. 707 00:47:02,153 --> 00:47:04,236 - Tell me the truth Otto. 708 00:47:05,787 --> 00:47:09,120 What do you think about what we've done? 709 00:47:10,551 --> 00:47:11,384 - I. 710 00:47:13,419 --> 00:47:14,919 I truly can't say. 711 00:47:17,273 --> 00:47:20,356 - I don't envy them, their situation. 712 00:47:21,291 --> 00:47:23,374 But I envy their courage. 713 00:47:25,080 --> 00:47:26,080 Their faith. 714 00:47:34,295 --> 00:47:38,295 - This was Dietrich's last Christmas Eve letter, 715 00:47:39,265 --> 00:47:42,848 sent before he was arrested by the Gestapo. 716 00:47:44,106 --> 00:47:47,403 "We have been silent witnesses of evil deeds. 717 00:47:47,403 --> 00:47:50,422 "We have been drenched by many storms. 718 00:47:50,422 --> 00:47:54,589 "We have learnt the arts of equivocation and pretense. 719 00:47:55,586 --> 00:47:58,302 "Experience has made us suspicious of others 720 00:47:58,302 --> 00:48:01,802 "and kept us from being truthful and open. 721 00:48:03,087 --> 00:48:05,842 "Intolerable conflicts have worn us down 722 00:48:05,842 --> 00:48:08,009 "and even made us cynical. 723 00:48:09,200 --> 00:48:11,367 "Are we still of any use?" 724 00:48:15,659 --> 00:48:19,409 - I suppose we must all live with our doubts. 725 00:48:23,710 --> 00:48:26,257 - They spent the Sunday after Easter 726 00:48:26,257 --> 00:48:30,601 in this delightful little Bavarian village called Schoenberg 727 00:48:30,601 --> 00:48:33,340 and apparently it was a beautiful spring day. 728 00:48:33,340 --> 00:48:36,204 Bonhoeffer was always a great meditator on scripture 729 00:48:36,204 --> 00:48:38,307 and he loved the set text, 730 00:48:38,307 --> 00:48:40,667 whichever day of the Christian year it was 731 00:48:40,667 --> 00:48:43,558 and we know that the texts he preached on that Sunday 732 00:48:43,558 --> 00:48:47,438 were from Isaiah and then from the first letter of Peter 733 00:48:47,438 --> 00:48:50,205 and I like to think that he's probably imagining 734 00:48:50,205 --> 00:48:52,462 if I had to preach a sermon today 735 00:48:52,462 --> 00:48:54,617 I'd love to preach on these texts, 736 00:48:54,617 --> 00:48:57,088 and then his fellow prisoners said come on 737 00:48:57,088 --> 00:48:59,491 give us a sermon Pastor Bonhoeffer. 738 00:48:59,491 --> 00:49:03,658 - And he has become friends on a short-term basis, 739 00:49:05,019 --> 00:49:08,936 very short-term with a Russian atheist, Kokorin 740 00:49:10,545 --> 00:49:14,212 and Bonhoeffer says no I think probably not. 741 00:49:16,336 --> 00:49:20,503 He feels that might be pushing Church on a good atheist 742 00:49:23,363 --> 00:49:26,726 and something doesn't sit well with him on that 743 00:49:26,726 --> 00:49:29,559 but then it's Kokorin who says no, 744 00:49:31,120 --> 00:49:33,091 let's have this Church service, 745 00:49:33,091 --> 00:49:35,880 but that's kind of typical of Bonhoeffer 746 00:49:35,880 --> 00:49:39,213 both to deeply respect whom the other is 747 00:49:41,549 --> 00:49:44,716 and wait for the invitation to respond 748 00:49:46,021 --> 00:49:49,486 with his own message of the gospel. 749 00:49:49,486 --> 00:49:52,460 - He was oppressed and he was afflicted 750 00:49:52,460 --> 00:49:54,960 yet he did not open his mouth. 751 00:49:56,099 --> 00:49:58,786 He was led like a lamb to the slaughter 752 00:49:58,786 --> 00:50:02,536 and as a sheep before its shearers is silent, 753 00:50:03,456 --> 00:50:05,873 so he did not open his mouth. 754 00:50:07,031 --> 00:50:11,198 At a time such as this there are simply no words to express 755 00:50:14,119 --> 00:50:17,119 our sadness, our loss, and our pain. 756 00:50:18,979 --> 00:50:23,146 Our fragile words and emotions simply cannot capture 757 00:50:26,219 --> 00:50:29,552 the gravity of what has already happened 758 00:50:30,829 --> 00:50:33,162 and what we are yet to face. 759 00:50:34,427 --> 00:50:36,272 We have worked tirelessly, 760 00:50:36,272 --> 00:50:39,198 confronting the masquerade of evil, 761 00:50:39,198 --> 00:50:43,281 that has engulfed our world, always with the hope 762 00:50:44,695 --> 00:50:46,528 of restoring the good. 763 00:50:47,481 --> 00:50:49,648 But now our hands are tied 764 00:50:50,782 --> 00:50:53,803 and our destinies are fixed. 765 00:50:53,803 --> 00:50:57,093 - And one of the English prisoners who was with him, 766 00:50:57,093 --> 00:51:00,261 Hugh Falconer, said that he captured the thoughts 767 00:51:00,261 --> 00:51:01,588 of everyone there. 768 00:51:01,588 --> 00:51:04,216 He said we were full of hope, we were full of anxiety too. 769 00:51:04,216 --> 00:51:07,296 We want to be back with our families, our loved ones. 770 00:51:07,296 --> 00:51:11,282 What we can really rely on though is that God is with us 771 00:51:11,282 --> 00:51:14,791 and our salvation is certain in him. 772 00:51:14,791 --> 00:51:16,552 That's what we've got to put our hope in. 773 00:51:16,552 --> 00:51:19,243 - Through the experience and words of Isaiah 774 00:51:19,243 --> 00:51:23,361 a word does come from beyond to remind us 775 00:51:23,361 --> 00:51:27,278 that God himself was bruised for our inequities 776 00:51:29,010 --> 00:51:31,768 and wounded for our transgressions. 777 00:51:31,768 --> 00:51:36,553 God has always shared in the pain of his broken creation. 778 00:51:36,553 --> 00:51:39,528 - [Clement] And also that other remarkable English prisoner 779 00:51:39,528 --> 00:51:44,078 called Captain Payne Best, he says that Bonhoeffer sort of 780 00:51:44,078 --> 00:51:46,061 expressed the spirit of everyone there. 781 00:51:46,061 --> 00:51:49,498 He was able, not just to say this is what the Bible says, 782 00:51:49,498 --> 00:51:51,290 but this is how we are feeling 783 00:51:51,290 --> 00:51:54,623 and this is how we can bring our feelings to God 784 00:51:54,623 --> 00:51:58,786 and God can be with us and speak to us in this situation. 785 00:51:58,786 --> 00:52:02,317 - And when we no longer have the personal strength 786 00:52:02,317 --> 00:52:05,067 to hold on to the promise of God, 787 00:52:07,676 --> 00:52:10,926 we can know that he will hold on to us. 788 00:52:13,916 --> 00:52:16,352 Let us join together and sing, 789 00:52:16,352 --> 00:52:18,769 A mighty Fortress is our God. 790 00:52:24,223 --> 00:52:28,140 ♫ A mighty fortress is our God 791 00:52:30,518 --> 00:52:34,018 ♫ A bulwark never failing 792 00:52:36,878 --> 00:52:40,795 ♫ Our helper he amid the flood 793 00:52:42,855 --> 00:52:46,522 ♫ Of mortal ills prevailing 794 00:52:47,540 --> 00:52:51,529 (vehicle engines approaching) 795 00:52:51,529 --> 00:52:54,656 - May God in his mercy lead us through these times. 796 00:52:54,656 --> 00:52:56,424 (loud footsteps) 797 00:52:56,424 --> 00:52:59,841 But above all, may he lead us to himself. 798 00:53:06,193 --> 00:53:09,193 - Prisoner Bonhoeffer, come with us. 799 00:53:10,240 --> 00:53:12,740 (tense music) 800 00:53:19,084 --> 00:53:23,251 - A general found the files which Dohnányi had kept 801 00:53:24,470 --> 00:53:28,816 with all the crimes Hitler and his gang had committed, 802 00:53:28,816 --> 00:53:33,351 made an excerpt from this and presented it to Hitler. 803 00:53:33,351 --> 00:53:37,023 And Hitler got into a terrible rage and said 804 00:53:37,023 --> 00:53:39,688 I want all of them liquidated. 805 00:53:39,688 --> 00:53:43,495 When they were looking for the entire group 806 00:53:43,495 --> 00:53:47,662 one person was missing, namely Dietrich Bonhoeffer. 807 00:53:52,500 --> 00:53:54,808 - Can you deliver a message to George Bell? 808 00:53:54,808 --> 00:53:55,808 - Of course. 809 00:53:57,196 --> 00:54:00,314 - Tell the Bishop, that I believe in the principle 810 00:54:00,314 --> 00:54:03,017 of our universal Christian brotherhood 811 00:54:03,017 --> 00:54:06,955 which rises above all national interests 812 00:54:06,955 --> 00:54:09,622 and that our victory is certain. 813 00:54:14,123 --> 00:54:16,198 - Goodbye my friend. 814 00:54:16,198 --> 00:54:17,115 - Farewell. 815 00:54:18,654 --> 00:54:19,987 This is the end. 816 00:54:22,326 --> 00:54:25,076 But for me the beginning of life. 817 00:54:31,299 --> 00:54:33,799 (tense music) 818 00:54:38,820 --> 00:54:41,153 - Terrible as this story is, 819 00:54:42,342 --> 00:54:45,092 it was not without God's command. 820 00:54:47,748 --> 00:54:50,742 And Bonhoeffer knew that himself he says, 821 00:54:50,742 --> 00:54:52,575 Hitler cannot kill me. 822 00:54:53,435 --> 00:54:56,685 The hour of my death will be prescribed 823 00:54:58,491 --> 00:55:00,761 by the living God himself. 824 00:55:00,761 --> 00:55:04,928 And he almost escaped in Schoenberg with the others. 825 00:55:08,558 --> 00:55:11,725 But God allowed him to become a martyr 826 00:55:14,712 --> 00:55:18,398 which made him a much more important figure 827 00:55:18,398 --> 00:55:19,815 for future times. 828 00:55:32,963 --> 00:55:35,713 (choral singing) 829 00:55:37,565 --> 00:55:41,088 - [Delmer] So Dietrich was transported to Flossenbuerg. 830 00:55:41,088 --> 00:55:44,075 This was a camp where Allied prisoners were hanged 831 00:55:44,075 --> 00:55:48,600 on Christmas Eve in 1944, with lights on the trees 832 00:55:48,600 --> 00:55:49,933 in holiday glee. 833 00:55:51,510 --> 00:55:53,932 Another group slaughtered on Easter morning, 834 00:55:53,932 --> 00:55:58,099 as if the life of Christ was used as a calendar for cruelty. 835 00:55:59,308 --> 00:56:02,938 There was no escape for the thousands 836 00:56:02,938 --> 00:56:05,021 that met their end there. 837 00:56:07,725 --> 00:56:09,374 - He knew what was in store for him 838 00:56:09,374 --> 00:56:12,156 and he and I think it was five, 839 00:56:12,156 --> 00:56:15,858 six other of the conspirators were, that night, 840 00:56:15,858 --> 00:56:19,242 put in front of a court-martial by the SS. 841 00:56:19,242 --> 00:56:20,565 - It was a farce. 842 00:56:20,565 --> 00:56:24,679 The verdict had been pronounced by Hitler already. 843 00:56:24,679 --> 00:56:27,291 There was a court-martial that didn't even meet 844 00:56:27,291 --> 00:56:29,543 the standards of a court-martial. 845 00:56:29,543 --> 00:56:31,932 There was no real proceeding. 846 00:56:31,932 --> 00:56:33,667 There was no evidence. 847 00:56:33,667 --> 00:56:38,308 There were no witnesses and apparently the whole thing 848 00:56:38,308 --> 00:56:41,205 happened in a matter of two or three hours. 849 00:56:41,205 --> 00:56:45,372 The SS people just tried to keep up the semblance of justice 850 00:56:46,696 --> 00:56:50,613 in order not to be convicted for unjust murder. 851 00:57:08,609 --> 00:57:10,489 - Prisoner Bonhoeffer. 852 00:57:10,489 --> 00:57:14,650 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, born February 4th 1906, 853 00:57:14,650 --> 00:57:16,067 and today's date. 854 00:57:17,252 --> 00:57:19,127 Must keep the records in order. 855 00:57:19,127 --> 00:57:19,960 Thank you for arriving early. 856 00:57:19,960 --> 00:57:20,971 Punctual. 857 00:57:20,971 --> 00:57:22,221 Must be German. 858 00:57:23,860 --> 00:57:24,693 Clothes. 859 00:57:40,254 --> 00:57:42,872 Well prisoner Bonhoeffer 860 00:57:42,872 --> 00:57:44,964 I have some good and bad news for you. 861 00:57:44,964 --> 00:57:47,402 The bad news is, it's damn cold out there, 862 00:57:47,402 --> 00:57:49,896 and you'll be wearing only glasses. 863 00:57:49,896 --> 00:57:51,896 Oops, we need those too. 864 00:57:59,336 --> 00:58:03,201 And wouldn't you know it the crematorium's out of order 865 00:58:03,201 --> 00:58:07,227 but the good news is Herbert has a nice fire going 866 00:58:07,227 --> 00:58:09,477 just steps from the gallow. 867 00:58:11,301 --> 00:58:12,551 Best get going. 868 00:58:15,796 --> 00:58:17,546 Stay ahead of the shepherds. 869 00:58:19,142 --> 00:58:21,309 Happy journey gallow bird. 870 00:58:25,791 --> 00:58:28,374 (dogs barking) 871 00:58:40,133 --> 00:58:43,216 (loud heart beating) 872 00:58:51,516 --> 00:58:54,266 (choral singing) 873 00:59:44,903 --> 00:59:48,252 - When the tyrant executes the martyr, 874 00:59:48,252 --> 00:59:51,613 the tyrant's power ends because he can't do any more 875 00:59:51,613 --> 00:59:54,729 than that but the power of the martyr begins 876 00:59:54,729 --> 00:59:57,729 because his witness goes on forever. 877 01:00:01,108 --> 01:00:03,835 And I always think of that remark 878 01:00:03,835 --> 01:00:05,658 when I think of these resistors. 879 01:00:05,658 --> 01:00:10,285 They were the people who won the battle of faith 880 01:00:10,285 --> 01:00:13,701 and courage and conviction and human dignity 881 01:00:13,701 --> 01:00:17,034 and it's to them that we now look today. 882 01:01:25,803 --> 01:01:28,856 - [Agnes] Dear Sefton, I am writing to communicate 883 01:01:28,856 --> 01:01:30,773 a disturbing discovery. 884 01:01:31,763 --> 01:01:35,181 I was recently informed by some German escapees 885 01:01:35,181 --> 01:01:39,301 that civilians during the war were hanged, 886 01:01:39,301 --> 01:01:42,783 simply for listening to our radio broadcasts. 887 01:01:42,783 --> 01:01:46,063 Were you aware such actions took place? 888 01:01:46,063 --> 01:01:47,730 Please reply, Agnes. 889 01:02:10,981 --> 01:02:12,782 - [Radio] The stirring victory keeps Chelsea 890 01:02:12,782 --> 01:02:15,160 at the top of division one. 891 01:02:15,160 --> 01:02:18,006 This is the BBC World Service, the six o'clock news 892 01:02:18,006 --> 01:02:19,923 read by Nigel Smythers. 893 01:02:20,989 --> 01:02:23,242 We deviate from our regular broadcast to take you 894 01:02:23,242 --> 01:02:25,694 to the Holy Trinity Church in London 895 01:02:25,694 --> 01:02:29,666 for the memorial service of Dietrich and Klaus Bonhoeffer. 896 01:02:29,666 --> 01:02:31,793 The next voice you hear will be that 897 01:02:31,793 --> 01:02:33,376 Bishop George Bell. 898 01:02:34,719 --> 01:02:37,219 (organ music) 899 01:02:54,329 --> 01:02:57,723 - It was in May 1942 that I had my last sight of Dietrich 900 01:02:57,723 --> 01:03:00,806 in Stockholm when altogether unexpected 901 01:03:00,806 --> 01:03:04,327 he came from Berlin, at the risk of his life, 902 01:03:04,327 --> 01:03:07,753 to give me much information of the utmost importance 903 01:03:07,753 --> 01:03:11,245 about the movement of the opposition in Germany, 904 01:03:11,245 --> 01:03:14,991 to eliminate Hitler and all his chief colleagues, 905 01:03:14,991 --> 01:03:17,194 and to set up a new government which should undo 906 01:03:17,194 --> 01:03:20,996 Hitler's deeds as far as they could be undone, 907 01:03:20,996 --> 01:03:23,650 and to seek peace with the Allies. 908 01:03:23,650 --> 01:03:25,590 Very moving was our talk. 909 01:03:25,590 --> 01:03:27,673 Very moving our farewell. 910 01:03:29,529 --> 01:03:31,696 And now Dietrich has gone. 911 01:03:32,805 --> 01:03:36,447 He died with his brother Klaus as a hostage. 912 01:03:36,447 --> 01:03:39,762 Our debt to them, and to all others similarly murdered, 913 01:03:39,762 --> 01:03:40,679 is immense. 914 01:03:41,957 --> 01:03:46,124 His death is a death for Germany, indeed for Europe too. 915 01:03:48,283 --> 01:03:50,818 He made the sacrifice of human prospects, 916 01:03:50,818 --> 01:03:53,247 of home, friends and career, 917 01:03:53,247 --> 01:03:57,201 because he believed in God's vocation for his country 918 01:03:57,201 --> 01:03:59,726 and refused to follow those false leaders 919 01:03:59,726 --> 01:04:02,656 who were the servants of the Devil. 920 01:04:02,656 --> 01:04:05,646 He was inspired by his faith in the living God 921 01:04:05,646 --> 01:04:09,489 and by his devotion to truth and honor. 922 01:04:09,489 --> 01:04:13,351 As one of a noble company of martyrs of different traditions 923 01:04:13,351 --> 01:04:16,277 he represents both the resistance of the believing soul 924 01:04:16,277 --> 01:04:20,023 in the name of God, to the assault of evil, 925 01:04:20,023 --> 01:04:22,382 and also the moral and political revolt 926 01:04:22,382 --> 01:04:26,549 of the human conscience, against injustice and cruelty. 927 01:04:27,732 --> 01:04:30,899 To our Earthly view, Dietrich is dead. 928 01:04:32,163 --> 01:04:35,294 Deep and unfathomable as our sorrow seems, 929 01:04:35,294 --> 01:04:39,268 let us comfort one another with these words. 930 01:04:39,268 --> 01:04:42,327 For him and Klaus, and for the countless multitudes 931 01:04:42,327 --> 01:04:46,041 of their fellow victims through these terrible years of war 932 01:04:46,041 --> 01:04:48,708 there is the resurrection from the dead, 933 01:04:48,708 --> 01:04:50,625 the hope of a new life. 934 01:04:52,213 --> 01:04:56,380 The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church. 935 01:05:04,980 --> 01:05:09,147 ♫ For all the saints who from their labors rest 936 01:05:12,950 --> 01:05:17,117 ♫ Who thee by faith before the world confess 937 01:05:21,432 --> 01:05:25,599 ♫ Thy name O Jesus be forever blest 938 01:05:29,010 --> 01:05:31,260 ♫ Alleluia 939 01:05:49,989 --> 01:05:52,572 (bell chiming) 940 01:05:58,269 --> 01:06:01,019 (mournful music)